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The outcomes obtained in laboratory assessments, utilizing scintillator bars read by silicon photomultipliers are reported. The current approach is step one for designing a precision monitoring system to be placed inside a free magnetized quantity for the charge identification of low energy crossing particles. The devised system is demonstrated able to supply a spatial decision better than 2 mm. Scintillators, Photon Solid State detector, particle tracking gadgets. Among the many planned actions was the construction of a light spectrometer seated in a 20-30 m3 magnetized air volume, the Air Core Magnet (ACM). The whole design needs to be optimised for the dedication of the momentum and cost of muons in the 0.5 - 5 GeV/c vary (the mis-identification is required to be lower than 3% at 0.5 GeV/c). 1.5 mm is required contained in the magnetized air quantity. On this paper we report the results obtained with a small array of triangular scintillator bars coupled to silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) with wavelength shifter (WLS) fibers.

This bar profile is here demonstrated in a position to offer the mandatory spatial resolution in reconstructing the position of the crossing particle by profiting of the cost-sharing between adjacent bars readout in analog mode. SiPMs are glorious candidates in changing commonplace photomultipliers in many experimental conditions. Tests have been performed with laser beam pulses and radioactive source with the intention to characterize the scintillator bar response and SiPM behaviour. Here we briefly present the observed behaviour of the SiPM utilized in our exams relating to the primary sources of noise and the effect of temperature on its response and linearity. Several fashions and packaging have been thought-about. The principle source of noise which limits the SiPM’s single photon decision is the "dark current" charge. It's originated by cost carriers thermally created within the sensitive volume and present in the conduction band and due to this fact it depends upon the temperature. The dependence of the dark present single pixel fee as a operate of the temperature has been investigated utilizing Peltier cells in order to change and keep the temperature managed.

Dark current price relies upon also on the Vwk as shown in Fig. 3. With a purpose to have low rates of darkish current the worth of Vbias has been fixed at 1.5 V giving a working voltage Vwk of 29 V. It is clear that, if mandatory, it can be handy to make use of a bias voltage regulator which routinely compensates for temperature variations. Not all the time the pixels of the SiPM work independently from each other. Photoelectrons (p.e.) can migrate from the hit pixel to a different not directly fired by a photon. Optical cross-talk between pixels leads to a non-Poissonian behaviour of the distribution of fired pixels. An estimate of the optical cross speak probability may be obtained by the ratio double-to-single pulse rate as a operate of the temperature. The probability depends weakly on the temperature and the measured level of cross-speak (15-16%) is suitable with the one reported in the datasheet. SiPM response once its fundamental parameters and cells configuration are given.

In the Fig. Four it's proven the pulse top distribution of the darkish current for the SiPM below test. 0.2) mm diameter gap used to lodge a fiber to collect the light. The lateral surface of the scintillator strips is painted with white EJ-510 TiO2 Eljen paint. The scintillation light is collected with 1.2 mm BCF-91A WaveLength Shifter (WLS) fiber produced by the Saint-Gobain Ltd. The WLS is glued into the outlet operating along the bar and its ends are polished. The learn-out is performed by the SiPM solely at one finish and the alternative side is mirrored with reflecting tape to maximize the light collection. The front-finish board prototype devoted to the amplification and SiPM readout has been developed by the Bologna INFN digital group. The present from the SiPM is discharged on the low enter resistance of the transimpedance amplifier; this gives small time constants, that is, quick sign rise time (utilizing the OPA 656N with a 500 MHz bandwidth we get hold of alerts with 20-30 ns of rise time).